Star Bound Magazine

Ground School

The Price of the Ride

O’Neill did the arithmetic in 1976 and said the first space community could be in place before 1990. He was not wrong about the engineering. He was wrong about what the ride would cost. Tap any point to read what was happening.

Dollars per kilogram to low Earth orbit. The dashed line is what O’Neill’s plan needed.
Cost to reach orbit, 1970 to 2025, against what space colonization required

Ground School is published open: take it, build it better.